四柱命理研究 第七章:十神系統化
第七章:十神系統化
為什麼需要十神?
十神是把五行生剋關係「系統化」的產物。
這些關係的受詞與主詞雖然都是「我」,但動詞區分了主動與被動。如果每次都要說「生我的那個五行」或「被我剋的那個五行」,不僅容易唸錯,解釋起來也相當麻煩。
於是,先賢定義了一套代名詞:
| 動作關係 | 十神類別 | 意涵 |
|---|---|---|
| 剋我 | 官煞 (Guan/Sha) | 管束、壓力、地位 |
| 我生 | 食傷 (Shi/Shang) | 才華、產出、慾望 |
| 我剋 | 財星 (Cai) | 掌控、資產、目標 |
| 生我 | 印星 (Yin) | 資源、保護、母親 |
| 同我 | 比劫 (Bi/Jie) | 朋友、競爭、自我 |
比劫與祿刃
比劫定義
- 比肩:與我同類(同性)。如甲木見甲木。
- 劫財:與我同類(異性)。如甲木見乙木。
祿刃定義 (能量極致)
- 祿:我的本氣 = 12長生中的「臨官」。
- 刃:臨官的後一位 = 12長生中的「帝旺」。
(註:陽干/陰干順序相反,找臨官後一位即準確)
| 日主 | 比肩 (同性) | 劫財 (異性) | 祿 | 刃 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天干 | 地支 | 天干 | 地支 | 臨官 | 帝旺 | |
| 甲 | 甲 | 寅 | 乙 | 卯 | 寅 | 卯 |
| 乙 | 乙 | 卯 | 甲 | 寅 | 卯 | 寅 |
| 丙 | 丙 | 巳 | 丁 | 午 | 巳 | 午 |
| 丁 | 丁 | 午 | 丙 | 巳 | 午 | 巳 |
| 戊 | 戊 | 辰、戌 | 己 | 丑、未 | 巳 | 午 |
| 己 | 己 | 丑、未 | 戊 | 辰、戌 | 午 | 巳 |
| 庚 | 庚 | 申 | 辛 | 酉 | 申 | 酉 |
| 辛 | 辛 | 酉 | 庚 | 申 | 酉 | 申 |
| 壬 | 壬 | 亥 | 癸 | 子 | 亥 | 子 |
| 癸 | 癸 | 子 | 壬 | 亥 | 子 | 亥 |
- 水火的祿位安排較特殊:需參考地支藏干的主氣。 例如「子」藏「癸」水,故癸水祿在子;「午」藏「丁、己」,故丁火與己土的祿位皆在午。
- 四庫(辰戌丑未)無法成為祿或刃:從表格可見,戊己土的祿刃借用了火行的「巳、午」(火土同源),而非土自己的辰戌丑未。
- 關於陰干羊刃:各派理論略有不同(部分古籍認為陰干無刃或刃在冠帶),本文採納目前主流且能量較強的「帝旺」位為羊刃。
十神定義與中日對照
五行生剋配上陰陽(同性、異性),共分出十組代名詞。
在這裡,我們結合中國八字的心性論(內在性格)與日本四柱推命的通變星(社會角色),讓十神的形象更立體。
| 十神 | 定義 | 中日特質對照 |
|---|---|---|
| 🤝 比肩 (Bi Jian) |
同我 同性 |
[中] 性格:剛毅、獨立、固執,不喜依賴,自尊心強。 [日] 角色:獨立自尊,按照自己步調過活的「職人」。 |
| 👺 劫財 (Jie Cai) |
同我 異性 |
[中] 性格:外圓內方,熱情衝動,有強烈野心與競爭心。 [日] 角色:外柔內剛,有社交手腕的「策士」。 |
| 🎨 食神 (Shi Shen) |
我生 同性 |
[中] 性格:溫和含蓄,重視精神享受與美食,內向多情。 [日] 角色:寬裕享樂,不愁吃穿的「孩子/美食家」。 |
| 🎤 傷官 (Shang Guan) |
我生 異性 |
[中] 性格:聰明叛逆,反應犀利,恃才傲物,喜挑戰權威。 [日] 角色:感受敏銳,反叛體制,才華洋溢的「藝術家」。 |
| 💸 偏財 (Pian Cai) |
我剋 同性 |
[中] 性格:慷慨圓滑,重義輕財,善於交際與投機。 [日] 角色:流動之財,長袖善舞的「商人」。 |
| 💰 正財 (Zheng Cai) |
我剋 異性 |
[中] 性格:節儉踏實,重視穩定與家庭責任,保守謹慎。 [日] 角色:信用第一,腳踏實地積累財富的「銀行家」。 |
| ⚔️ 七煞 (Qi Sha) |
剋我 同性 |
[中] 性格:權威急躁,魄力十足,不畏艱難但性格剛烈。 [日] 角色:行動力強,帶有義氣與衝動的「武將」。 |
| ⚖️ 正官 (Zheng Guan) |
剋我 異性 |
[中] 性格:正直守法,客觀理性,重視名譽但優柔寡斷。 [日] 角色:重視體制,守正不阿的標準「公務員」。 |
| 🧠 偏印 (Pian Yin) |
生我 同性 |
[中] 性格:孤僻敏銳,領悟力強,喜鑽研冷門神秘學問。 [日] 角色:好奇心旺盛,熱衷探求真理的「學者/方士」。 |
| 🛡️ 正印 (Zheng Yin) |
生我 異性 |
[中] 性格:仁慈寬容,重視道德與傳統,反應較慢且依賴。 [日] 角色:慈愛包容,傳承智慧的「母親/教育家」。 |
十神對照矩陣
(矩陣內顏色代表十神功能:綠=比劫、紅=食傷、黃=財星、灰=官煞、藍=印星)
| 十神 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | 丁 | 戊 | 己 | 庚 | 辛 | 壬 | 癸 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甲 | 比肩 | 劫財 | 食神 | 傷官 | 偏財 | 正財 | 七煞 | 正官 | 偏印 | 正印 |
| 乙 | 劫財 | 比肩 | 傷官 | 食神 | 正財 | 偏財 | 正官 | 七煞 | 正印 | 偏印 |
| 丙 | 偏印 | 正印 | 比肩 | 劫財 | 食神 | 傷官 | 偏財 | 正財 | 七煞 | 正官 |
| 丁 | 正印 | 偏印 | 劫財 | 比肩 | 傷官 | 食神 | 正財 | 偏財 | 正官 | 七煞 |
| 戊 | 七煞 | 正官 | 偏印 | 正印 | 比肩 | 劫財 | 食神 | 傷官 | 偏財 | 正財 |
| 己 | 正官 | 七煞 | 正印 | 偏印 | 劫財 | 比肩 | 傷官 | 食神 | 正財 | 偏財 |
| 庚 | 偏財 | 正財 | 七煞 | 正官 | 偏印 | 正印 | 比肩 | 劫財 | 食神 | 傷官 |
| 辛 | 正財 | 偏財 | 正官 | 七煞 | 正印 | 偏印 | 劫財 | 比肩 | 傷官 | 食神 |
| 壬 | 食神 | 傷官 | 偏財 | 正財 | 七煞 | 正官 | 偏印 | 正印 | 比肩 | 劫財 |
| 癸 | 傷官 | 食神 | 正財 | 偏財 | 正官 | 七煞 | 正印 | 偏印 | 劫財 | 比肩 |
十神的運作:從「戰爭」到「流動」
傳統講「生剋」,容易讓人誤以為是只有給予(生)或破壞(剋)。但若從能量流動的角度來看,十神其實是一套完整的「人生生產線」。
日本命理非常重視能量是否「流通」。他們認為好命的關鍵不在於身強身弱,而在於能量能否順暢地從輸入流向輸出,最後轉化為成果,這稱為「通關」。
(1) 順生的流動:人生產出的三部曲
這是一條「將才華變現」的生產線。能量必須流動,積滯會生病。
|
1. 輸入期 (Input) |
印星 🛡️🧠 |
[生我] 給予能量
學習、資源、母親、保護。就像汽車加油、人讀書吃飯。這是能量的來源。若只有印沒有食傷,就是「只進不出」的死讀書。 |
|
2. 蓄能期 (Processing) |
比劫 🤝👺 |
[同我] 累積能量
自我、意志、體力、自信。這是你個人的「引擎」。能量在此匯聚,若沒有出口(食傷),過剩的能量會變成固執或破壞(剋財)。 |
|
3. 輸出的 「漏」 |
食傷 🎨🎤 |
[我生] 釋放能量
才華、表達、行動、表演。日本稱此為「漏星」(洩氣)。 (註:適度的『漏』是才華的抒發,過度的『漏』則是精力的透支。) |
|
4. 收穫期 (Result) |
財星 💸💰 |
[我剋] 掌控結果
成果、資產、目標、女人(男命)。這是流動的終點。 ※ 重點: 沒有食傷直接去剋財(比劫剋財),比劫是「奪財的工具」,叫搶劫。 透過食傷去生財(食傷生財),食傷是「賺錢的技術」,叫經商。 |
(2) 逆剋的制衡:是破壞還是雕刻?
「剋」不代表毀滅,在四柱推命中,它常被解釋為「修剪」、「檢驗」或「責任」。五行的剋,是為了建立秩序。
| 關係 | 現象 | 深層意義與觀點 |
|---|---|---|
| 官 剋 比 (壓力 → 自我) |
琢磨 管束 |
[雕刻家]: 就像狂奔的野馬(比劫)遇上了韁繩(官煞)。 雖然感到壓力與不自由,但這正是將「個人」轉化為「社會棟樑」的過程。成大器者,必先接受官煞的雕琢。 |
| 比 剋 財 (自我 → 結果) |
征服 破耗 |
[征服者]: 用強大的意志力直接掌控結果。 正面:果斷併購、開拓市場、不畏風險。 負面:若無食傷轉化,則變成魯莽投資、賭博、或單純的「分錢」(劫財)。 |
| 財 剋 印 (現實 → 理想) |
務實 迷失 |
[現實主義者]: 用現實收益來檢驗抽象理論。 正面:將知識變現、拒絕空談、實事求是。 負面:為了利益出賣良知(貪財壞印)、或因貪玩而荒廢學業。 |
| 印 剋 食 (思考 → 行動) |
沉澱 阻礙 |
[策劃者]: 在行動之前,先進行深度的思考。 正面:謀定而後動、修正草稿、深思熟慮。 負面:想太多導致不敢做(梟印奪食)、或過度保護導致失去生存能力。 |
| 食 剋 官 (才華 → 體制) |
改革 是非 |
[改革者]: 用個人的才華去挑戰既有的規則。 正面:創新發明、揭弊、打破不合理的傳統(傷官傷盡)。 負面:目無法紀、惹上官司、職場糾紛、丟掉飯碗。 |
「生」過頭會變成溺愛(母慈滅子),「剋」得當會變成雕琢(玉不琢不成器)。
重點在於整體能量是否「中和」與「流通」。
核心本質:氣與質的物理學
最後,我們要回到十神系統的物理本質。為什麼同樣是「金剋木」,有的叫正官(雕琢),有的卻叫七煞(破壞)?這取決於「氣」與「質」的辯證。
- 陽干 (氣): 甲、丙、戊、庚、壬。代表能量場、氣勢、動態。
- 陰干 (質): 乙、丁、己、辛、癸。代表物質、實體、靜態。
1. 陽對陽 (氣撞氣) = 七煞
當 甲木之氣 遇到 庚金之氣:
兩股強大的能量場在空中正面對撞,互不相讓,必定引發劇烈的震盪與破壞。
➡ 就像兩軍交戰,故稱為「煞」。
2. 陰對陽 (質受氣) = 正官
當 遇到 庚金之氣 (乙庚合):
實體的木材(質)遇到了斧頭的能量(氣)。木材雖然被切割,但因此變成了傢俱或藝術品。
且因為「乙庚合金」帶有相合的吸引力,這是有情之剋,故稱為「官」。
Chapter 7: The Ten Gods System
The Architecture of Interactions
The "Ten Gods" (Shi Shen) are not religious deities. They are the systematized archetypes of the 5 Element interactions.
In Bazi analysis, the Day Master (The Self) interacts with other elements. Defining these interactions by verbosity (e.g., "The Element that controls Me") is inefficient. Thus, ancient scholars created a pronoun system to describe these energy vectors:
| Interaction Vector | Archetype | Core Concept |
|---|---|---|
| Controls Me | Officer / Killings | Structure, Pressure, Authority |
| I Produce | Output (Shi/Shang) | Talent, Expression, Desire |
| I Control | Wealth (Cai) | Assets, Goals, Conquest |
| Produces Me | Resource (Yin) | Input, Protection, Credentials |
| Same as Me | Peer / Rob Wealth | Allies, Competitors, Willpower |
Energy Peaks: Thriving (Lu) & Extreme (Blade)
The Peer Group
- Peer (Bi Jian): Same Element, Same Polarity. (e.g., Yang Wood meets Yang Wood).
- Rob Wealth (Jie Cai): Same Element, Opposite Polarity. (e.g., Yang Wood meets Yin Wood).
Energy Intensity (Lu & Ren)
- Thriving (Lu): The purest state of energy. Corresponds to the "Thriving" phase in the 12 Life Stages.
- Blade (Ren): The peak before the fall. Corresponds to the "Extreme" phase. High volatility.
(Note: For Yang Stems, the Blade is the stage *after* Thriving. For Yin Stems, calculations vary, but the Extreme stage is generally used.)
| Day Master | Peer (Same Polarity) | Rob Wealth (Opposite) | Thriving (Lu) | Blade (Ren) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | Branch | Stem | Branch | Pure | Extreme | |
| Jia (Yang Wood) | Jia | Tiger | Yi | Rabbit | Tiger | Rabbit |
| Yi (Yin Wood) | Yi | Rabbit | Jia | Tiger | Rabbit | Tiger |
| Bing (Yang Fire) | Bing | Snake | Ding | Horse | Snake | Horse |
| Ding (Yin Fire) | Ding | Horse | Bing | Snake | Horse | Snake |
| Wu (Yang Earth) | Wu | Dragon/Dog | Ji | Ox/Goat | Snake | Horse |
| Ji (Yin Earth) | Ji | Ox/Goat | Wu | Dragon/Dog | Horse | Snake |
| Geng (Yang Metal) | Geng | Monkey | Xin | Rooster | Monkey | Rooster |
| Xin (Yin Metal) | Xin | Rooster | Geng | Monkey | Rooster | Monkey |
| Ren (Yang Water) | Ren | Pig | Gui | Rat | Pig | Rat |
| Gui (Yin Water) | Gui | Rat | Ren | Pig | Rat | Pig |
- The Hydro-Thermal Shift: Lu points depend on the main "Hidden Stem" (Qi) within a Branch. For example, "Rat" contains "Gui Water", so it is the Lu for Gui.
- Earth Borrows Fire: The Earth elements (Wu/Ji) do not use the Earth Branches (Dragon, Dog, Ox, Goat) as their energy peaks. They borrow the Fire pathway (Snake/Horse) because Fire produces Earth—they share a source.
- The Yin Blade Debate: Some schools argue Yin Stems do not have a "Blade." However, in this system, we adopt the "Extreme" (Di Wang) position as the Blade for both Yin and Yang stems due to its high energy density.
Cross-Cultural Definitions: Character vs. Role
Combining the Chinese "Heart Nature" (Internal Psychology) with the Japanese "Variable Star" (Social Role) provides a 3D view of the Ten Gods.
| God | Logic | Profile Comparison |
|---|---|---|
| 🤝 Peer (Bi Jian) |
Same Polarity |
[CN] Trait: Independent, stubborn, self-respecting, dislikes relying on others. [JP] Role: The "Artisan". Lives by their own code and pace. |
| 👺 Rob Wealth (Jie Cai) |
Opposite Polarity |
[CN] Trait: Charismatic but impulsive. Hidden ambition inside a soft exterior. [JP] Role: The "Strategist". Excellent social maneuvering. |
| 🎨 Eating God (Shi Shen) |
Output Same |
[CN] Trait: Gentle, introverted, loves food and intellectual pleasure. [JP] Role: The "Child / Gourmand". Blessed with natural abundance. |
| 🎤 Hurting Officer (Shang Guan) |
Output Opposite |
[CN] Trait: Rebellious genius. Sharp-tongued, challenges authority. [JP] Role: The "Artist". Anti-establishment with high sensitivity. |
| 💸 Indirect Wealth (Pian Cai) |
Control Same |
[CN] Trait: Generous, opportunistic, values relationships over money. [JP] Role: The "Merchant". Handles fluid assets and speculation. |
| 💰 Direct Wealth (Zheng Cai) |
Control Opposite |
[CN] Trait: Frugal, realistic, values stability and family responsibility. [JP] Role: The "Banker". Accumulates assets through credit and steady work. |
| ⚔️ Seven Killings (Qi Sha) |
Controlled Same |
[CN] Trait: Authoritative, impatient, courageous, extreme resilience. [JP] Role: The "General". Action-oriented warrior spirit. |
| ⚖️ Direct Officer (Zheng Guan) |
Controlled Opposite |
[CN] Trait: Law-abiding, rational, values reputation, indecisive. [JP] Role: The "Civil Servant". The upholder of the system. |
| 🧠 Indirect Resource (Pian Yin) |
Input Same |
[CN] Trait: Solitary, intuitive, obsessed with niche or mystical knowledge. [JP] Role: The "Scholar / Mystic". Seeker of non-mainstream truth. |
| 🛡️ Direct Resource (Zheng Yin) |
Input Opposite |
[CN] Trait: Benevolent, traditional, slower reaction, reliant on others. [JP] Role: The "Mother / Educator". Transmitter of wisdom and care. |
The Ten Gods Matrix
(Color Code: Green=Peer, Red=Output, Yellow=Wealth, Gray=Control, Blue=Input)
| X | Jia | Yi | Bing | Ding | Wu | Ji | Geng | Xin | Ren | Gui |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jia | Peer | Rob | Eat | Hurt | I.W. | D.W. | Kill | Officer | I.R. | D.R. |
| Yi | Rob | Peer | Hurt | Eat | D.W. | I.W. | Officer | Kill | D.R. | I.R. |
| Bing | I.R. | D.R. | Peer | Rob | Eat | Hurt | I.W. | D.W. | Kill | Officer |
| Ding | D.R. | I.R. | Rob | Peer | Hurt | Eat | D.W. | I.W. | Officer | Kill |
| Wu | Kill | Officer | I.R. | D.R. | Peer | Rob | Eat | Hurt | I.W. | D.W. |
| Ji | Officer | Kill | D.R. | I.R. | Rob | Peer | Hurt | Eat | D.W. | I.W. |
| Geng | I.W. | D.W. | Kill | Officer | I.R. | D.R. | Peer | Rob | Eat | Hurt |
| Xin | D.W. | I.W. | Officer | Kill | D.R. | I.R. | Rob | Peer | Hurt | Eat |
| Ren | Eat | Hurt | I.W. | D.W. | Kill | Officer | I.R. | D.R. | Peer | Rob |
| Gui | Hurt | Eat | D.W. | I.W. | Officer | Kill | D.R. | I.R. | Rob | Peer |
Energy Supply Chain: Flow vs. War
Tradition calls it "Production and Control" (Sheng/Ke), which sounds binary. In Fate Mechanics, we view this as an Energy Supply Chain.
Japanese metaphysics prioritizes "Flow" (Circulation). A good life isn't just about strength; it's about whether energy moves smoothly from Input to Result without blockage. This is called "Passage".
(1) The Production Line (The Smooth Flow)
This is the process of converting latent potential into tangible assets.
|
1. Input (Resource) |
Resource 🛡️🧠 |
[Produces Me]
Learning, Support, Mother.Like fuel for a car. It's the source. If you have Resource but no Output, it's called "Stagnant Knowledge" (Input without application). |
|
2. Storage (Self) |
Self/Peer 🤝👺 |
[Same as Me]
Willpower, Body, Confidence.This is the engine. Energy pools here. If there is no Output, excess energy turns into stubbornness or destructive competition. |
|
3. Process (Output) |
Output 🎨🎤 |
[I Produce]
Talent, Strategy, Performance.Known as the "Leak God" in Japan. Moderate leakage is expression; excessive leakage is exhaustion. |
|
4. Result (Wealth) |
Wealth 💸💰 |
[I Control]
Results, Assets, Objectives.The end of the line. ※ Critical Logic: Self attacking Wealth directly = Robbery (Crude force). Self using Output to generate Wealth = Business (Technical skill). |
(2) The Logic of Control: Destruction or Sculpture?
"Control" (Ke) is often misunderstood as bad. In reality, Control represents Sculpting, Validation, and Duty.
| Interaction | Effect | The Mechanic |
|---|---|---|
| Officer Controls Self (Pressure → Ego) |
Sculpt |
[The Sculptor]: Like a wild horse (Self) meeting a bridle (Officer). It feels restrictive, but this pressure transforms an individual into a pillar of society. Greatness requires this sculpting. |
| Self Controls Wealth (Ego → Result) |
Conquer |
[The Conqueror]: Using pure will to seize results. Positive: Decisive M&A, market expansion. Negative: Gambling, reckless investment (if no Strategy/Output). |
| Wealth Controls Res. (Real → Ideal) |
Validate |
[The Realist]: Using reality to test theory. Positive: Monetizing knowledge, pragmatism. Negative: Selling out ethics for cash, neglecting health/study for play. |
| Res. Controls Output (Thought → Action) |
Filter |
[The Planner]: Thinking deeply before acting. Positive: Refining the draft, strategic patience. Negative: Analysis paralysis, over-protection ("Owl steals the food"). |
| Output Controls Officer (Talent → System) |
Reform |
[The Rebel]: Using talent to challenge the rules. Positive: Innovation, whistleblowing, disrupting bad traditions. Negative: Lawsuits, getting fired, chaos. |
Too much Production = Spoiling (Mother ruins child).
Appropriate Control = Refinement (Pressure creates diamonds).
The key is Balance and Flow.
The Physics of Fate: Qi vs. Substance
Finally, why is "Metal controlling Wood" sometimes a benevolent Officer and other times a violent Killing? It depends on the physics of Qi (Energy) vs. Substance (Matter).
- Yang Stems (Qi): Dynamic energy fields. (Jia, Bing, Wu, Geng, Ren)
- Yin Stems (Substance): Static matter. (Yi, Ding, Ji, Xin, Gui)
1. Yang vs. Yang (Qi clash) = Seven Killings
When Yang Wood Qi meets Yang Metal Qi:
Two massive energy fields collide head-on. Like two positive magnets repelling or armies clashing.
➡ This causes shockwaves. Thus, "Killings".
2. Yin vs. Yang (Matter sculpted by Qi) = Direct Officer
When meets Yang Metal Qi (Combination):
The physical wood meets the axe's energy. The wood is not destroyed but carved into furniture.
Because Yin and Yang attract, this control is sentimental. Thus, "Officer".
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